These values are approximate and will be affected by the type of lubricants used (if any), plating, the type of washers used, the class and finish of the threads, and numerous other factors.
这些数值为近似值，并受到所用润滑剂（如果使用）、电镀、所用垫圈、螺纹等级和表面粗糙度、以及许多其它因素的影响。
The final torque applied to the fasteners during assembly should be 133 percent of the design value to overcome the effect of stress-relaxation. When torqued to this value, the gasket will relax over a period of time and then settle to the design value.
装配过程中施加在紧固件上的最终扭矩应为设计值的百分之133以克服应力释放效应。施加扭矩到此值时，垫片将放松一段时间，然后稳定到设计值。
Torque may be converted to tension in the bolts by applying the formula
扭矩会转化为对螺栓的拉力，公式如下
Torque
扭矩
Tension = 0.2 x Bolt Dia.
拉力 = 0.2 x 螺栓直径
Frequently the general value of 0.2 for the coefficient of friction can result in torque and bolt estimates which may be seriously in error. Excessive bolt preload may lead to RF leakage. Therefore, if lubricants are used for any reason, refer to the literature for the proper coefficient values to be applied.
通常，代表摩擦系数的通用值0.2可用来估计扭矩和螺栓数，但也可能误差很大。螺栓预载荷过度可能导致射频泄漏。因而，如果由于某种原因使用了润滑剂，参考有关文献确定系数适用的正确值。
In soft materials, such as aluminum, magnesium and insulating materials, inserts should be provided if the threads are “working threads.” A thread is considered a “working thread” if it will be assembled and disassembled ten or more times.
对于软材料，诸如铝、镁及绝缘材料，如果螺纹为“工作螺纹”，则应进行镶套。如果螺纹要拆装十次或更多，则螺纹被认为是“工作螺纹”。
Torque loss caused by elongation of stainless steel fasteners should also be considered. High tensile strength hardware is advised when this becomes a problem, but care must be taken of the finish specified to minimize galvanic corrosion.
不锈钢紧固件的伸长引起的扭矩损失也应考虑。如果这成为一个问题，则推荐使用高强度螺栓，但必须要注意要求的表面粗糙度，减小镀锌腐蚀。
Thermal conductivity of high tensile strength hardware is lower than most materials used in electromechanical packaging today, so that the enclosure expands faster than the hardware and usually helps to tighten the seal. Should the equipment be subjected to low temperatures for long periods of time, the bolts may require tightening in the field, or can be pretightened in the factory under similar conditions.
对于高抗张强度的五金件，其导热性要低于当今机电封装中所使用的绝大多数材料，因此，外壳的膨胀速度快于五金件，可有帮于密封件的紧固。如果设备长时间在低温下工作，则可能需要在现场紧固螺栓，或可在工厂以类似的温度条件进行预紧固。
华译网上海翻译公司曾经翻译过大量有关低碳钢螺栓资料文件，Beijing Chinese Subtitling Translation Service Agency has translated many technical documents about Mild steel bolts.
Table 6: Recommended Torque Values
表6:建议的拧紧力矩值
RECOMMENDED TORQUE VALUES FOR MILD STEEL BOLTS
低碳钢螺栓的建议拧紧力矩
*Tension = Torque
*力矩 = 拧紧力矩
0.2 x Bolt Dia.f
0.2 x 螺栓直径f
f Basic Pitch Diameter
f 基本中径
Under shock and vibration, a stack up of a flat washer, split helical lockwasher and nut are the least reliable, partly because of elongation of the stainless steel fasteners, which causes the initial loosening. The process is continued under shock and vibration conditions. Elastic stop nuts and locking inserts installed in tapped holes have proven to be more reliable under shock and vibration conditions, but they cost more and are more expensive to assemble.
在冲击和振动下，成叠安装的平垫圈、开口螺旋锁定垫圈和螺母稳定性最差，部分是因为不锈钢紧固件发生伸长，导致发生初始松动。这种过程在振动和冲击情况下会持续进行。安装于攻丝孔内的弹性止动螺母和锁定垫圈已通过验证，在振动和冲击情况下更为稳定，但其成本和装配费用都较高。
5. electrical Performance as a Function of Fastener Spacing
5. 电气性能与紧固件间距之间的函数关系
The electrical performance (shielding effectiveness) provided by a gasket sandwiched between two flanges and fastened by bolts spaced “d” distance apart is equivalent to the shielding effectiveness obtained by applying a pressure which is the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum pressure applied to the gasket under the condition that the spacing between fasteners is considerably less than a half wavelength. For bolt spacings equal to or approaching one-half wavelength at the highest operating frequency being considered, the shielding effectiveness at the point of least pressure is the governing value.
对于安装于两个凸缘之间并由螺栓以间距“d”紧固的垫片，其所提供的电气性能（屏蔽效果）等同当紧固件之间的间距明显小于波长一半时，向垫片施加大小等于最大和最小压力算术均方根的压力时，所能达到的屏蔽效果。如螺栓间距等于或接近工作中最常接触的波长的一半，则此时的屏蔽效果按最小压力值确定。
For example, assume that a gasket is sandwiched between two flanges which, when fastened together with bolts, have a value of βd equal to 2. Figure 13 shows that a value of βd = 2 represents a deflection change of ±10 percent about the mean deflection point. Because applied pressure is directly proportional to deflection, the applied pressure also varies by ±10 percent.
例如，假定垫圈安装于两个凸缘之间，当两个凸缘通过螺栓紧固到一起时，βd 值等于 2。图 13 显示了当 βd = 2 时，表示较平均变形点的差值约为 10% 的变形。因为施加的压力与变形成直接比例，所施加的压力也会变化 ±10 ％。
Shielding effectiveness values for typical silver-plated-copper filled, die-cut gaskets as a function of applied pressure are shown in Figure 15. The curves show that the shielding effectiveness varies appreciably with applied pressure, and changes as a function of the type of field considered. Plane wave attenuation, for example, is more sensitive to applied pressure than electric or magnetic fields.
对于典型的含镀银铜的模切式垫图，其屏蔽有效性与所施加压力之间的函数关系如图 15 所示。该曲线显示了屏蔽效果随所施加压力变化而变化，同时考虑了变化与场类型之间的关系。例如，平波衰减对所施加压力的敏感性超过电场或磁场。 |
