In order to produce a gasket-in-agroove system which will not fail, the designer must consider three mechanical causes of seal failure:
为了形成不会发生失效的槽内垫片安装系统，设计人员必须考虑可能导致密封失效的三个机械原因：
Gasket over-deflection and associated damage (see Figure 18d); gasket under-deflection and loss of seal (see Figure 18f ); groove overfill, which can destroy the gasket (see Figure 18e).
垫片过度变形和相应损坏（见图 18d）；垫片变形不够和密封不足（见图 18f）及开槽过度填满（可导致垫片损坏）（见图18e）。
Designing to avoid these problems is made more complicated by the effects of:
而在针对此类问题的设计中，以下情况产生的影响使设计更加复杂化：
worst-case tolerance conditions
最恶劣的公差情况
deformation of the cover (cover bowing)
壳盖变形（壳盖发生翘曲）
poor fit of mating surfaces.
配合表面配合不好。
The key to success involves selection of the appropriate gasket size and material, and careful design of the corresponding groove.
要成功的关键要素包括选择适当尺寸和材料的垫片，同时，仔细设计相应的开槽。
Deflection Limits
变形限制
In nearly every solid-O application, XXXX recommends a minimum deflection of 10% of gasket diameter. This includes adjustments for all worst-case tolerances of both the gasket and groove, cover bowing, and lack of conformity between mating surfaces. We recommend a maximum gasket deflection of 25% of gasket diameter, considering all gasket and groove tolerances.
几乎在所有的实心 O 型垫片应用中，XXXX 都建议垫片的最小变形量为垫片直径的 10%。这包括针对各种最恶劣的公差情况（垫片和开槽）、壳盖翘曲、配合表面之间符合性差所需进行的调节。考虑到各种垫片和开槽公差，我们建议垫片最大变形量为垫片直径的 25%。
Although sometimes modified to accommodate application peculiarities, these limits have been established to allow for stress relaxation, aging, compression set, elastic limits, thermal expansion, etc.
尽管有些情况下需要进行调整，以满足应用中的特殊情况；不过，这些极限值在确定的时候，已经充分考虑了应力松弛、老化、压缩形变、弹性极限、热膨胀等因素。
Maximum Groove Fill
开槽最大填充度
Solid elastomer gaskets (as opposed to foam elastomer gaskets) seal by changing shape to conform to mating surfaces. They cannot change volume. The recommended limit is 100% groove fill under worst-case tolerances of both gasket and groove. The largest gasket cross sectional area must fit into the smallest cross sectional groove area.
实心橡胶垫片通过更改形状（与泡沫橡胶垫片不同），与配合表面相适应，实现密封效果。实心橡胶垫片的体积不会发生变化。在垫片和开槽最恶劣的公差情况下，建议开槽填实度为 100%。最大截面面积的垫片必须能够装配至最小截面面积的开槽中。
Analyzing Worst-Case Tolerances
分析最恶劣情况下的公差
Figures 18a-c illustrate the issues of concern, and identify the parameters which should be considered in developing an effective design.
图 18a-c 描述了相关问题并确定了在设计中需要考虑的参数。
Figures 18d and e illustrate two different cases which can result in gasket damage in the area of torqued bolts. In Figure 18d, the relationship between groove depth and gasket diameter is critical in avoiding over-deflection. In Figure 18e, sufficient groove volume must be provided for a given gasket volume to permit the gasket to deflect without over-filling the groove.
图 18d 和 e 描述了可能导致螺栓固定区域的垫片发生损坏的两种情况。在图 18d 中，槽深和垫片直径之间的关系对于避免发生过度变形非常重要。在图 18e 中，必须为指定的垫片容量提供足够的开槽容积，以使得垫片变形时不会过度填实开槽。
As shown in Figure 18f, cover deformation and groove sizing must be controlled to make sure the gasket is sufficiently deflected to seal the system.
如图 18f 中所示，必须控制壳盖变形和开槽尺寸，以确保垫片能够通过充分变形来密封系统。
华译网上海翻译公司曾经翻译过大量有关橡胶垫片资料文件，Beijing Chinese Subtitling Translation Service Agency has translated many technical documents about Eelastomer gaskets.
Since a single gasket and groove are employed for the entire perimeter, the design must be optimized for each of the worst-case examples illustrated in Figures 18d-f.
因为整个周边采用了单个垫片和开槽，必须按图 18d-f 中所示的最恶劣情况对设计进行优化。
Figure 18a. Exploded View of Electronic Enclosure
图 18a.电子器件外壳的分解图
Figure 18b. Cut-away View of Assembly
图 18b.组件局部剖视图
Figure 18c. Section A-A of Assembled Enclosure Flange and Gasket (Sectioned midway through gasket and groove)
图 18c.外壳凸缘和垫片剖面图 A-A （沿垫片和凸缘中间剖开）
Figure 18d Section B-B from Figure 18c – Worst Case Maximum Deflection (Maximum gasket diameter, minimum groove depth)
图 18d 图 18c 中的剖 B-B －出现最大变形时的最恶劣情况（最大垫片直径、最小槽深）
Problem: Gasket too tall for minimum groove depth (deflection beyond elastic limit). Results in gasket damage or fracture.
问题：垫片相对开槽的最小深度过高（变形超过弹性极限）。导致垫片发生损坏或断裂。
Solution: Over-deflection avoided with smaller maximum gasket diameter and/or deeper minimum groove depth.
解决方案：通过减小垫片的最大直径和（或）加深最小槽深，避免发生过变形。
Figure 18e Section B-B from Figure 18c – Worst Case Maximum Groove Fill (Maximum gasket diameter in minimum groove depth and width)
图 18e 图 18c 中的剖 B-B －出现最大开槽填实度时的最恶劣情况（最小槽深和槽宽的最大垫片直径）
Problem: Minimum groove dimension cannot accommodate maximum gasket diameter, resulting in gasket damage.
问题：开槽的最小尺寸无法容纳垫片的最大直径，导致垫片损坏。
Solution: Groove over-fill avoided with smaller maximum gasket diameter and/or greater minimum groove depth and/or width.
解决方案：通过减小垫片最大直径（或）加大最小槽深和（或）槽宽，避免开槽发生过度填实。
Figure 18f Section C-C from Figure 18c – Worst Case Minimum Deflection (Minimum gasket diameter in maximum depth groove, aggravated by cover bowing and lack of conformity between mating surfaces)
图 18f 图 18c 中的剖 C-C －出现最小变形时的最恶劣情况（直径最小的垫片安装于槽深最大的开槽内，同时，壳盖翘曲和配合表面之间的不符合使情况更加恶化）
Problem: Gasket will not be deflected the recommended 10% minimum. Combined effects of tolerances, cover bowing, and lack of conformity can result in complete loss of cover-to-gasket contact over time, and consequent seal failure.
问题：垫片无法达到最小 10% 的建议变形量。公差、壳盖翘曲、配合表面之间不相符的综合作用，可导致长时间后壳盖与垫片之间缺乏接触，并导致密封失效。
Solution: Under-deflection avoided with larger minimum gasket diameter and/or shallower maximum groove depth.
解决方案：通过加大垫片的最小直径和（或）减小最大槽深，避免变形不足。 |
