2.6.3 Testing of I&C “I&C”的测试
Significant improvements in the area of system testing are to be provided with the I&C design of NPP. Accordingly, the equipment should be designed and configured to readily support in-service testing by incorporating good human factors principles, avoiding the use of undesirable feature, and providing built-in test features, including self-diagnostics for continuous on-line testing and automated functional testing for periodic surveillance testing. 在系统测试领域，核电站“I&C”设计已有重大改进。因此，设备的设计和设置应能很好地支持运行中测试，途径是通过纳入有益的人性因素原理，避免采用不合需要的装置，并提供内置的测试装置，包括用于连续联机测试的自诊断装置和用于定期监督测试的自动功能测试装置。
During design development and implementation, extensive tests are to be performed in accordance with documented test plans. Pre-installation testing is to confirm that hardware and software performance satisfies design requirements. The pre-installation test procedures should serve as the basis for post-installation validation tests and the long-term surveillance and maintenance which confirm installed system operability. 在设计开发和实施过程中，应依照记录在案的测试计划进行广泛的测试。安装前的测试是为了确认硬件和软件的性能符合设计要求。安装前的测试程序，应作为安装后的审核测试、以及确认已安装系统运转性能的长期监视与维护的基础。
2.6.4 Proven Technology 成熟技术
Due to the advantages that recently available advanced technology offers over some of the technology found in current NPPs, the incorporation of modern technology is encouraged to solve existing problems and to make significant improvements over previous designs. Introduction of new problems will be prevented by adhering to the NPP principle of the use of proven technology for control/monitoring of equipment and its associated software/firmware. 鉴于现有先进技术使目前某些核电站技术取得了进步，鼓励采纳新式技术来解决问题并对以往的设计进行重大改进。通过坚持核电站在控制/监视设备及其相关软件/固件中采用成熟技术的原则，可防止新问题的引入。
For details, refer to section 3.6相关细节请参阅3.6节。
Beijing Chinese Subtitling Translation Service Agency has translated many technical documents about Proven Technology and Cost.
华译网上海翻译公司曾经翻译过大量有关成熟技术和成本的资料文件。
2.6.5 Cost 成本
An improved I&C will provide a major contribution to achieving significant cost savings over the plant life cycle through the achievement of higher plant availability factors. For example, the number of inadvertent plant trips will be reduced by improving the man-machine interface and control system stability (e.g., low power feedwater level control), and enhancing the testability of the I&C to reduce the number of testing errors. 由于达到了更高的电站可用性，改进了的“I&C”对于在整个电站生命周期内取得显著的成本节约会有很大帮助。比如，通过改善人机界面和控制系统的稳定性（例如，低功率给水水位控制）可减少因疏忽造成的电站停机次数，通过提高“I&C”的易测性可减少测试错误的数量。
2.6.6 Protection from Obsolescence 防止过时
The state-of-the-art in instrumentation and control is constantly changing and obsolescence of equipment is of continuing concern. In order to minimize the impact of obsolescence of I&C equipment throughout the NPP plant life, the I&C design should be modular in construction (hardware and software) and use standardization of I&C equipment to ease maintenance training, simplify spare parts requirements and support ready replacement and upgrading of the I&C equipment. “I&C”的技术发展水平在不断变化，设备的过时是持续关注的问题。为了在核电站使用寿命内使仪表与控制设备过时的影响达到最小，“I&C”的设计应在构成上（硬件和软件）实现模块化，采用标准化的仪表与控制设备来方便维护培训，简化备品备件要求，并支持仪表与控制设备的随时更换与升级。
2.6.7 Regulatory Stabilization 规章的稳定性
It is expected that the I&C of NPP will meet existing regulatory requirements. It is noted, however, that many existing regulatory guides and standards applicable to I&C systems and equipment do not account for the potential use of modern technology. Thus, evolution of the detailed I&C design may necessitate new interpretation of the intent and purpose of existing guides and standards核电站的“I&C”应符合现有的法规要求。但需要注意的是，许多适用于“I&C”和设备的现有的法规导则和标准，并未考虑对新式技术的可能的应用。因此，详细的“I&C”设计的发展，可能需要对现有导则和标准的用途和目的做出新的诠释。
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