2.6 i&c policy statement “i&c” 原则的声明
Policy statements provide overall direction and guidance and form the basis for many of the requirements in the following sections. 原则声明提出了总体的指导方针，并为后面章节中的许多要求奠定了基础。
2.6.1 I&C Systems Approach “I&C”方案
The I&C will employ modern digital technology to implement the monitoring, control and protection function for the NPP. Robust system design, including segmentation of major functions, separation of redundant equipment within a segment, and fault tolerant equipment will be used to achieve high reliability and protection against the propagation of failures. Application of signal validation to selected parameters will be used to assure the operators have data of high quality and reliability. Where it is appropriate and demonstrated, data communications will be used for any function, including safety functions, to reduce the cost and complexity of the instrumentation and control cable runs throughout the plant. The high accuracy and drift free operation of the digital systems will reduce the overall maintenance calibration burden. Where appropriate, the use of fiber optic cables for data transmission will be used to provide high data transmission rates with electrical isolation and protection from electromagnetic interference at reduced costs. “I&C”应采用现代化的数字技术来执行核电站的监视、控制与保护功能。鲁棒性的系统设计（包括主要功能的分割），包括同一区间内冗余设备的分离，以及容错设备的使用，以获得高度可靠性和防止故障扩散。通过采用对选定参数的信号核定，确保操作人员掌握具有较高质量和可靠性的数据。在适当和经过论证的情况下，对任何功能（包括安全功能）都可采用数据通信，以降低遍布整个电站的仪表和控制电缆的成本和复杂性。数字化系统的高精度和无漂移运行，可减少整体的维护校准负担。在适当时可采用光纤电缆进行数据传输，在降低成本的同时获得更高的数据传输速度，并且具有电绝缘和防止电磁干扰的作用。
Standardization of hardware and software and modularity of design will be used to simplify maintenance and provide protection against obsolescence. Built-in test features are to be provided to perform continuous self-diagnosis of digital hardware and communication paths and annunciate detected failures. Built-in test features will provide computer-aided, periodic functional testing capabilities that automatically verify system functionality once they are manually initiated, locate failures upon detection, and record test results. Most I&C equipment is to be located in compartments with controlled environments, maintained by reliable HVAC systems. All I&C equipment will be selected to be compatible with its environment under normal conditions and under casualty conditions as appropriate to meet functional requirements. 硬件和软件的标准化和设计的模块化，以简化系统维护和防止系统陈旧过时。内置测试装置，对数字化硬件和通信通道进行连续自诊断，并报告检测到的故障。内置的测试装置具备电脑辅助的定期功能测试能力，在人工启动后可以自动核查系统的功能性，通过探测确定故障的位置，并记录测试结果。大多数的仪表与控制设备都位于具有设定环境条件的隔间内，由可靠的HVAC系统进行维护。所有仪表与控制设备的选择，都应在正常条件以及一定的事故情况下与其环境相适应，从而满足功能要求。
2.6.2 Design Process 设计过程
The I&C overall design process will be directed by a single organization responsible for the entire I&C design, will be carried out by a multi-disciplined design team and shall include direct Plant purchaser involvement, including engineering and maintenance personnel and operations staff familiar with plant normal, abnormal, and emergency operating procedures. The process forces coordination of the design by ensuring the I&C design team and the plant systems designers work together and take into account operation/maintenance inputs. The design process also calls for integration of human factor considerations into the design effort, including the use of mockups and simulations early in the design to evaluate specific design features and choices and support iterative design development and validation. In addition, a continuous verification and validation effort is performed in parallel to the design by an independent team particularly in the difficult software area to assure the final product meets the requirements, and is robust and resistant to inadvertent errors. Formal documentation of the I&C design is achieved by including it in the plant-wide design documentation and configuration control process. “I&C”的总体设计过程应由负责整体“I&C”设计的单一机构领导，由包括直接参与的电站买方在内的多方设计团队实施，团队中包括工程和维护人员，以及熟悉电站正常、异常及应急操作程序的操作人员。设计过程通过确保“I&C”设计团队与电站系统设计人员的合作来推动设计协作，并对运行/维护输入给予重视。设计过程还提倡将对人性因素的考虑结合到设计工作中，包括在设计初期运用模型和仿真方法，对特定的设计要素和选择进行评估，支持可反复操作的设计开发和审查。此外，尤其在高难度软件领域，与设计并行，由独立团队实施连续性的核查与审定，从而保证最终产品符合相关要求，鲁棒性好，能够耐抗各种因疏忽导致的错误。“I&C”设计正规文件的编制，是通过将其纳入整个电站范围内的设计文件编制与配置控制过程而实现的。
|
