一、国际现代化的历史事实
国际现代化是现代化的一个重要方面，是国家现代化与国际环境的一种相互作用，是现代化过程的国际互动。本期报告对国际现代化的300年（1700～2005年）历史进程进行时序分析、截面分析和国别分析，分析范围涉及5个领域（政治、经济、社会、文化和生态）和4个方面（国际互动、国际结构、国际制度和国际观念），分析内容包括长期趋势、演变路径和历史经验等。时序分析包括2个层次（国际体系层次和国家层次）的时序分析，国家样本为15个（8个发达国家和7个发展中国家）。截面分析包括2个维度（基于国家水平和基于国家实力）和8个截面的截面分析，2001年截面分析涉及131个国家和80个变量，其他截面国家样本为当年有数据的国家。本期报告归纳了42个基本事实和10条历史经验等。
1、国际现代化的42个基本事实
国际现代化的事实可以从6个方面来认识，每个方面有7个事实。
（1）政治领域国际互动的事实。18世纪以来现代国家和政府间国际组织的数量在增加，20世纪后半叶外交关系数量和国际相互依存度在上升。18世纪以来国际战争频率没有下降，但国家差异较大；国际战争的分布和参战国家结构在变化；20世纪参战次数较多的国家是俄罗斯（苏联）和美国等；20世纪后期国际武器贸易在波动。20世纪后40年里，发展中国家接受的外国援助总额和人均国际援助在增加，发达国家对外援助占GDP比例和外国援助占受援国GDP比例在下降等。
（2）经济领域国际互动的事实。18世纪以来，国际贸易占GDP比例上升，贸易结构在变化；国际投资占GDP比例上升，但国家差别较大。19世纪以来，国际债务上升，发展中国家债务沉重。20世纪，跨国公司数量在增长，平均关税在下降；国际贸易占GDP比例与国家水平和国家实力没有显著关系，国际贸易占GDP比例与国家影响力和竞争力正相关；国际投资中发达国家约占80%，其他约占20%等。
华译网上海翻译公司曾经翻译过大量有关国际现代化的历史事实资料文件。Beijing Chinese Subtitling Translation Service Agency has translated many technical documents about Historical facts of international modernization.
I. Historical facts of international modernization
International modernization is an important aspect of modernization, an interaction between national modernization and the international environment, and the international interaction in the course of modernization. This report makes timing analysis, cross-section analysis and national difference analysis over the 300-year historical course (from 1700 to 2005), covering 5 fields (politics, economy, society, culture and ecology) and 4 aspects (international interaction, international structure, international system and international views), and probing into the long-term trend, evolutional route and historical experience. Timing analysis lies on two levels (the international system and the nation), and there’re 15 samples of nations (8 developed nations and 7 developing ones). The cross-section analysis includes 2 dimensions (based on the national level and the national power) and 8 cross sections. The cross-section analysis in 2001 involves 131 nations and 80 variables, and other nation samples in this analysis are those with data in that year. This report summarizes 42 basic facts and 10 pieces of historical experience.
1. 42 basic features of international modernization
International modernization can be understood from 6 aspects, each with 7 facts.
(1) The fact of international interaction in the political field. Since the 18th century, the numbers of modern nations and inter-governmental international organizations have been increasing, and in late 20th century, the number of diplomatic relations and international mutual dependence was rising. Since the 18th century, the frequency of international wars hasn’t fallen, but there’re great differences between different countries; the distribution of international wars and the structure of participating nations were both changing; during the 20th century, Russia and the US took part in the largest amount of wars; in late 20th century, international weapon trading began to fluctuate. During the last 40 years in the 20th century, the total amount of foreign aids and per-capita international aids received by developing countries was soaring, while the proportion that foreign aids cover in the GDP of developed countries and the one that foreign aids take up in the GDP of aided countries were both declining.
(2) The fact of international interaction in the economy field. Since the 18th century, the proportion that international trades take up in GDP has been rising, and the trading structure has been changing; the proportion that international investment covers in GDP is also ascending, with great disparity between countries. Since the 19th century, the international debt has been piling up, posing serious debt problem to developing countries. In the 20th century, the number of transnational companies was rising, while the average tariff was declining, so there’s no significant relationship between the proportion that international trades take up in GDP and the national level and strength, but there’s a positive correlation between the proportion that international trades take up in GDP and the national influence and competitive power. In international investment, developing countries cover about 80%, while others about 20%.
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